5. Resolving tensions: The relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful cooperation
The BWC has for many years been marked by conflict between those members who emphasize the security aspects of the Convention, particularly efforts to prevent transfers of pathogens, toxins and equipment that may be used for biological weapons, and those members who emphasize the promotional aspects of the Convention, particularly efforts to promote the peaceful use of biotechnology. Participants at a multi-national meeting earlier this year noted that peaceful cooperation “is becoming an issue that will be a central element to ownership under the Convention.” Yet, except for the topic of disease surveillance and response, which is related to both the security and promotional aspects of the Convention, the 2003 – 2005 Annual Meetings focused on the security aspects of the Convention.
In the run-up to the Review Conference, many nations continue to attach importance to efforts to “promote international cooperation for peaceful purposes, including scientific-technical exchange,” while others continue to view discussions of this issue with trepidation. Ambassador Khan recently identified this as an issue of central importance, and there is no doubt that it will be a major issue at the Review Conference. However, it will also be one of the most difficult issues facing the Conference, and may have a major impact on the final outcome if some States Parties continue to use this issue to deliberatly obstruct progress in other areas, as they have done in the past. However, it is more likely that the two camps will attempt to come to a mutually acceptable strategy for future efforts to address this issue. Indeed, States Parties from both sides of this issue are advancing proposals (Finland, Mexico) that attempt to move beyond the traditional arguments, but the outcome remains unclear.
1. Taking Effective Action: A New Work Program
2. Enabling Effective Action: A Stronger Support Mechanism
3. Fulfilling Obligations: National Implementation
4. Enhancing Transparency: Information Exchange and Confidence Building Measures
5. Resolving tensions: The relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful cooperation
6. Addressing Scientific and Technological Advance